Ancestors of

Comfort Scudder

 

1. Comfort1 Scudder , born[1] abt 1764 in Sussex county, Delaware; died[2] 4 Jan 1791 in Sussex county, Delaware; buried[3] in Milton, Broadkill, Sussex, Delaware, daughter of 2. David Scudder  and 3. Susanna Knock .  She married[4] on 21 Jun 1787 in Delaware Thomas Barr Lank , born[5] 5 Sep 1764 in Milton, Broadkill, Sussex, Delaware; died[6] 7 Feb 1838, son of Levin Lank  and Naomi Barr .

 

      Children of Comfort Scudder and Thomas Barr Lank were as follows:

                  i           Captain Levin Lank , born 25 Oct 1789 in Sussex county, Delaware; died 16 Nov 1875; buried in Seaford, Sussex, Delaware.  He married (1) abt 1820 Eleanor (---) , died abt 1830; (2) on 20 Sep 1832 in Delaware Ann Coulbourn , born 22 Jan 1812 in Delaware; died 19 May 1891; buried in Seaford, Sussex, Delaware, daughter of Robert Coulbourn  and Priscilla Bestpitch .   Notes: Title of "Captain" was often bestowed upon master shipbuilders as well as small boat owners delivering local goods or seafood (oysters, clams, crabs, rockfish) on the Nanticoke River and Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore.

                  ii          Sophia Lank , born 16 Aug 1800 in Sussex county, Delaware; died 4 Jan 1874.  She married on 27 Mar 1841 Mitchell Lank , born 12 Jul 1793 in Sussex county, Delaware; died 23 Apr 1854, son of Levin Lank Jr.  and Susannah Dodd .

 

Generation 2

 

2. David2 Scudder , born abt 1738 in Lockland, Hamilton, Ohio; died bef 13 Feb 1773 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware, son of 4. Jonathan Scudder  and 5. Mary M. Templin .  He married on 4 Dec 1760 in Presbyterian Church, Lewes, Sussex, Delaware 3. Susanna Knock , born abt 1740 of Lewes, Sussex, Delaware; died 13 Feb 1773 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware.

 

      Children of David Scudder and Susanna Knock were as follows:

      1          i           Comfort1 Scudder , born[7] abt 1764 in Sussex county, Delaware; died[8] 4 Jan 1791 in Sussex county, Delaware; buried[9] in Milton, Broadkill, Sussex, Delaware.  She married[10] on 21 Jun 1787 in Delaware Thomas Barr Lank , born[11] 5 Sep 1764 in Milton, Broadkill, Sussex, Delaware; died[12] 7 Feb 1838, son of Levin Lank  and Naomi Barr .

                  ii          Abigail1 Scudder , christened 23 Jul 1769 in Presbyterian Church, Lewes, Sussex, Delaware, died 28 Oct 1801 in Cool Spring, Sussex, Delaware.  She married on 10 Sep 1794 in Sussex county, Delaware Thomas Stewart , born abt 1746 in Sussex county, Delaware; died 1811, son of John Albertus Stewart  and Ann Robinson .

                  iii         Susanna1 Scudder .

 

Generation 3

 

4. Jonathan3 Scudder , born[13] abt 1715 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware; died[14] May 1767 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware, son of 6. David Scudder  and 7. Mary (---) .  He married 5. Mary M. Templin , born abt 1720 in Delaware, daughter of 8. John Templin .

 

Notes for Jonathan Scudder

A book in Delaware giving the will of David Scudder shows a Jonathan as a possible son of David, with Jonathan leaving five heirs (Ruth, m. James Black; + 4 others, unnamed).  "On 8 May 1767James Black and his wife Ruth lately called Ruth Scudder, one of the heirs of Jonathan Scudder, dec'd., for 10 (lbs.) sold to David Scudder 1/6 part of two tracts, one called Timber Hill, 160 a. and the other called Mill Plantation, 200 a. and whereas Johathan Scudder d. intestate and left 5 heirs, the afsd. Ruth being one and since she has become so intualed (entitled?) she has m. afsd. James Black."

 

Jonathan Scudder likely had a son named Jonathan who d. 1773 but dated a will 28 Oct 1771. It was witnessed by a Ruth Black.  Keep in mind that Ruth married James Black in Unity Twp., Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, in 1766.  They likely went back to Lewes, Delaware, where both had been born.  Note the date of 8 May 1767 above; this reinforces the thought that this is our James/Ruth, since she was "lately" called Ruth Scudder.

 

      Children of Jonathan Scudder and Mary M. Templin were as follows:

      2          i           David2 Scudder , born abt 1738 in Lockland, Hamilton, Ohio; died bef 13 Feb 1773 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware.  He married on 4 Dec 1760 in Presbyterian Church, Lewes, Sussex, Delaware Susanna Knock , born abt 1740 of Lewes, Sussex, Delaware; died 13 Feb 1773 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware.

                  ii          Ruth2 Scudder , born 10 Dec 1740 in Delaware; died 25 Apr 1816 in Unity, Westmoreland, Pennsylvania; buried in Indiana, Pennsylvania.  She married abt 1766 in Delaware Sgt. James Black , born 10 Dec 1740 in Delaware; died 24 Aug 1781 in Dearborn county, Indiana; buried in Ebenezer Cemetery, Indiana, Pennsylvania.   Its from an old Indiana Co. cemetery listing book and says a_Ruth Black is buried in Ebenezer Church Cemetery. The dates are unreadable_but she died at age 77years. Next to her stone is one that is sheared(?)_off. Jonathan Scudder likely had a son named Jonathan who d. 1773 but dated a will 28 Oct 1771. It was witnessed by a Ruth Black. Keep in mind that our Ruth married James Black in Unity Twp., Westmoreland, PA, in 1766. They likely went back to Lewes, Del., where both had been born. Note the date of 8 May 1767 above; reinforces the thought that this is our James/Ruth, since she was "lately" called Ruth Scudder.  John James Black b. 12-10-1740 d. 8-24-1781 He was killed by Shawnee Indians while on an expedition with A. Lochry and Geo R. Clark in Dearborn Co. Indiana.  My source for James being born in Delaware was a Marnell Davis, who posted a reply on Ancestry message board on 1-15-01, message #1458 regarding Blacks. It was she who first presented James/Ruth as coming from Del., with their four children being baptized in the Presbyterian Church there.

                  iii         Jonathan2 Scudder , born abt 1740 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware; died Nov 1771 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware.  He married in Feb 1768 in Presbyterian Church, Lewes, Sussex, Delaware Cloe Marvel , born 11 Nov 1749 in Sussex county, Delaware, daughter of Robert Marvel  and Rachel Chase . 

                  iv         Abby2 Scudder , born abt 1745 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware.  She married (1) James Mustard , died 1773 in Delaware; (2) on 7 Sep 1775 in Sussex county, Delaware David Rankin .  

                  v          Hannah2 Scudder , born abt 1747 of Lewes, Sussex, Delaware; died 1794.  She married bef 1778 John Day , died 14 Mar 1813.  

                  vi         Rachel2 Scudder , born abt 1749 in Delaware.

 

Generation 4

 

6. David4 Scudder , born[15], [16] abt 1690 in New York; died[17] 27 Nov 1750 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware, son of 9. David Scudder  and 10. Mary Jones .  He married 7. Mary (---) , born abt 1693 in Delaware; died aft 1751 in Delaware.

 

Notes for David Scudder

There is a book in Lewes, Delaware., that shows a David Scudder leaving a will dated 1 Apr 1749.  This David was father of Margaret, Phebe, Moses, and Jonathan.  The connection to David Scudder and Mary Jones is not proven.

 

      Children of David Scudder and Mary (---) were as follows:

                  i           Phebe3 Scudder , born abt 1714 in Delaware; died aft 1751.  She married Richard Starr .  

      4          ii          Jonathan3 Scudder , born[18] abt 1715 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware; died[19] May 1767 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware.  He married Mary M. Templin , born abt 1720 in Delaware, daughter of John Templin .

                  iii         Moses3 Scudder , born abt 1718 in Delaware; died bef Apr 1759 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware.

                  iv         Margaret3 Scudder , born abt 1720 in Delaware.  She married (---) McAfee .  

 

 

8. John4 Templin .  He married unknown.

 

      Children of John Templin were as follows:

      5          i           Mary M.3 Templin , born abt 1720 in Delaware.  She married Jonathan Scudder , born[20] abt 1715 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware; died[21] May 1767 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware, son of David Scudder  and Mary (---) .

 

Generation 5

 

9. David5 Scudder[22] , born[23] abt 1661 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York; died Deceased in New York, son of 11. Henry Scudder  and 12. Catharine Estes .  He married[24] Est 1684 in New York 10. Mary Jones , born Est 1665; died Deceased in New York.

 

      Children of David Scudder and Mary Jones were as follows:

                  i           Henry4 Scudder , born[25], [26] abt 1685 in New York; died[27], [28] 23 Jan 1730/31 in New York.  He married in 1710 in Westbury, Nassau, New York Mary Willets , born[29] 16 Mar 1692/93 in Hemstead, Nassau, New York; died[30] 25 Feb 1750 in New York, daughter of Richard Willets  and Abigail Powell .

      6          ii          David4 Scudder , born[31], [32] abt 1690 in New York; died[33] 27 Nov 1750 in Lewes, Sussex, Delaware.  He married Mary (---) , born abt 1693 in Delaware; died aft 1751 in Delaware.

 

Generation 6

 

11. Henry6 Scudder , born[34] abt 1626/30 in Kent, England; died[35] 1661 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York, son of 13. Thomas Scudder  and 14. Elizabeth (---) .  He married[36] abt 1655 in Southold, Suffolk, New York 12. Catharine Estes , born[37], [38] 1630 in Preston, Suffolk, England; died[39] 1680 in New York, daughter of 15. Jeffrey Este  and 16. Margaret Pate .

 

Notes for Henry Scudder

About 1651, Henry moved from Salem to Southold, Long Island.  On 1 March 1656, Henry sold his Southhold house and home lot of 21 acres to John Elton in preparation of moving to Huntington with Jeffrey Este, his father-in-law.  Both Henry and Jeffrey bought land on East Neck on the waterside.

 

In his will, dated January 25, 1661, Henry made his wife, Catharine, executrix and left 10 pounds each to his children Moses, David, Mary and Rebecca.  To his oldest son, Jonathan, he left 20 pounds and the house and land that Catharines's father, Jeffrey, had left him.

 

Notes for Catharine Estes

Jeffrey Estes, Catherine's father, who had resided in Salem, Massachusetts, died 4 January 1657/58 in Huntington and his death is the first recorded death there. In his will, he left his house and lot to his grandson, Jonathan Scudder, and the remainder of his estate to his son-in-law, Henry Scudder.

 

Catherine's sister-in-law, Mary Towne, who had married her brother, Jeffrey, was executed as a witch in Salem in 1692.

 

      Children of Henry Scudder and Catharine Estes were as follows:

                  i           Rebecca5 Scudder[40] , born[41], [42] abt 1656 in Southold, Suffolk, New York; died Deceased in New York.  She married[43] in 1672 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York Abiel Titus , born[44], [45] 17 Mar 1640 in Weymouth, Norfolk, Massachusetts; died[46], [47] aft 1739 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York, son of Robert Titus  and Hannah Uxar .

                  ii          Jonathan5 Scudder[48] , born[49], [50] 31 Jan 1657 in Southold, Suffolk, New York; died[51], [52] 10 Dec 1690 in Brookhaven, Suffolk, New York.  He married[53] on 4 Nov 1680 in New York Sarah Brown[54] , born[55] 1659 in Stamford, Connecticut; died aft 1690, daughter of Francis Brown  and Martha Chapman .   Notes: Jonathan acquired considerable land and was a tax collector for Huntington in 1684 and 1687. In the 1687 record he is referred to as Ensign.  He died 10 December 1690 in Huntington according to the Huntington Town Records. His will, which was recorded at Brookhaven on Long Island in 22 October 1691 mentions his wife, Sarah, son Jonathan and daughters Abigail, Rebecca and Sarah.  Sarah is described as not compos Mentis. The will provides that Sarah was to be taken care of by his wife Sarah and if Sarah outlived her mother, then her brother,Jonathan, was to provide for her.

                  iii         Moses5 Scudder[56] , born[57], [58] 1658 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York; died[59] 1683.  He married[60] Est 1680 in New York unknown.

                  iv         Mary5 Scudder[61] , born[62], [63] abt 1660 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York; died aft Jan 1747/48.  She married[64] Est 1680 in New York Reverend Eliphalet Jones , born 9 Jan 1641 in Concord, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died 5 Jun 1731 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York, son of Reverend John Jones  and Sarah (---) .   Notes: Mary is mentioned as the wife of Eliphalet Jones in the January 1747 will of John Wooledge of Piscataway, New Jersey.  He left two brown steers to her, and instructed John Stelle to pay her ¿6.

      9          v          David5 Scudder[65] , born[66] abt 1661 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York; died Deceased in New York.  He married[67] Est 1684 in New York Mary Jones , born Est 1665; died Deceased in New York.

 

Generation 7

 

13. Thomas7 Scudder[68], [69] , born 1586/91 in Horton Kirby, Darenth, Kent, England; died[70] aft 30 Sep 1657 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, son of 17. Henry Scudder  and 18. Elizabeth Hale .  He married abt 1610 in England 14. Elizabeth (---)[71], [72] , born abt 1590 in England; died[73] 9 Sep 1666 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts.

 

Notes for Thomas Scudder

Thomas and his brother, the Reverend Henry Scudder of Collingbourne Ducis, were born in the Darent Valley, Kent, England, in or near Horton-Kirby parish.  Members of their family had lived there for almost two hundred years prior to their birth.  It was there, according to family tradition, that Thomas married Elizabeth in St. Mary's Church. And it was there that Thomas and Elizabeth reared their children.

 

We will not know why Thomas uprooted his family and migrated to the new world.  The reasons are unknown at this time.  Thomas had property in Kent, land and houses he inherited from his father.  His brother was highly thought of as a clergyman.  Although economic times were worsening in England, there is no evidence that Thomas was suffering.

 

It is possible that Thomas may have departed Kent after 26 March 1637 to avoid possible loss of a suit for heavy damages against him. In Chancery Court in 1640, Sir Henry Neese sought damages from a clergyman named Chase, Mr. Chase's father and brothers, and Thomas and Henry Scudder.  Sir Henry claimed that the Chases, in "pursuit of their malice against him," secretly conspired with Henry Scudder, clerke [this may be cleric, referring to Rev. Henry Scudder, Thomas' brother], and Thomas Scudder of Horton-Kirby, to deny Sir Henry access to various houses, to carry out their threat "to drive him out of that country."

 

By the time of the 1640 Chancery case, Sir Henry had regained possession of Stone Castle and had recovered damages from the Chases through "five or six courts of law and equity."  The apparent purpose of the 1640 action was to enable Sir Henry to recover additional damages to cover his costs.

 

Thomas traveled first to the home of his brother, Reverend Henry Scudder, in Colingbourne-Ducis, and then to America.  At some point in time, he transferred ownership of his property in Kent to Henry.   He and his family arrived in Salem, Massachusetts, along with others of the great migration.

 

Salem had been inhabited by English colonists for about 15 years before Thomas arrived with his family.  In 1623 a group of colonists had attempted to set up a fishing establishment at Cape Ann, on the north shore of Massachusetts. The project failed but a few men led by Roger Conant did not give up and in 1626 settled in Naumkeag, which became Salem in 1629.

 

The Massachusetts Bay Colony was issued a charter by the king in 1629 giving the colony the rights of autonomy and self rule. The colonists were intent on establishing a commonwealth where the Puritan Church could exist and their rights would be upheld. They intended to worship God without the interference of the bishops of the Church of England and rejected anyone who did not follow their principles.

 

Ministers began arriving in 1629 and began the job of organizing their churches. It was becoming clear that Salem was separating from the Church of England. In August the covenant was accepted. There was little in the way of organization that resembled the Church of England; the Book of Common Prayer was conspicuously left out of worship.

 

The land within Salem Town was not fertile, but expansion into surrounding areas through land grants produced agriculture. One of the areas of expansion was Salem Village. The first real steps toward an independent township for Salem Village was in 1638.

 

In the 1630's there was a threat of charter revocation and the colonists responded by preparing a defense. Roger Williams, in an act of defiance cut the cross out from the English flag. It would not be reinstated until 1680, in the years after King Phillip's War when the colonial leaders sought to re-institute discipline.

 

The 1630's saw population expansion, the controversy over Anne Hutchinson, and the Pequot Indian War. The growth of population was due to the repressive government of King Charles I in England. Anne Hutchinson defied the ruling authority by criticizing the doctrine of the elect. She amassed a large following and was eventually driven out of Massachusetts to Rhode Island. From there she went to New York where she and her family were killed by Indians. The Pequot Indian War was the first time the colony as a whole was engaged in war with Indians and the first instance of Indians using guns against the white settlers.

 

In the 1640's the high rate of immigration slowed considerably. The main reason for migrating to New England was gone. The Puritans were in power in England and the persecution had ended. It was necessary for the colony to develop her own system of trading and increase exports to maintain her position. The colonists were self-reliant and did not turn to England for help. From the beginning Massachusetts was determined to run her affairs her way and claimed sovereignty. She would not acknowledge the right of the King to revoke her charter.   By 1640 Salem would be the second most important colonial town next to Boston.  In 1643 the colonies formed a confederacy.

 

Under Cromwell in the 1650's England left the colonies to themselves and during this time they prospered. The church was the most prominent organization in the towns and by 1655, Salem was considered a well organized and well governed community in addition to being an extremely important trading port.

 

When Thomas arrived in Salem, he probably lived in a village, beyond which were his privately owned fields. The typical village was composed of houses grouped around a plot of land held in common by the community. The dominant structure on the common was the meetinghouse, where the pastor, the most important figure in the community, held long Sabbath services. The meetinghouse of the chief village of a town (in New England a town corresponds to what is usually called a township elsewhere in the United States) was also the site of the town meeting, traditionally regarded as a foundation of American democracy.

 

In practice the town meeting served less to advance democracy than to enforce unanimity and conformity, and participation was as a rule restricted to male property holders who were also church members.  The first mention of Thomas in Salem is 25 December 1637, when "Goodman Skudder" was granted two quarter acres of marsh and meadow land at one of these town meetings.  The term used to describe him, "Goodman," means that he was in good standing in the community; a member of the middle class.

 

In his will dated 30 September 1657 and probated 29 June 1658, Thomas named his wife, Elizabeth, his sons, John, Thomas, and Henry, his daughter, Elizabeth Bartholomew, and a grandson, Thomas, son of Thomas' son, William.  He divided his goods equally among the heirs, except for a cow which he left to his wife.

 

Notes for Elizabeth (---)

Many family historians believe Elizabeth's surname is either Lowers or Somers.  This results from an error made by H.F. Waters in his Genealogical Gleanings in England article some time ago.  He based his opinion on the 1645 will of John Lowers of Darenth, Kent, England, in which John mentions his daughter, Elizabeth Scudder.   Some family historians read the will of John Lowers, and mistakenly thought the spelling was of Somers.  Later, the will of Henry Scudder of North Cray, Kent, dated 1641, was found.  This latter will proved that this Henry was the husband of Elizabeth Lowers.  Elizabeth's surname is unknown at this time.

 

      Children of Thomas Scudder and Elizabeth (---) were as follows:

                  i           William6 Scudder[74] , born[75] 1612/15 in Kent, England; died[76] 1655 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts.  He married abt 1638 in Massachusetts Penelope (---) , born abt 1615.

                  ii          John6 Scudder[77] , born[78] 1616/20 in London, Kent, England; died bef 6 Jan 1685 in Newtown, Queens, New York.  He married[79] in 1642 in Massachusetts Mary King[80] , born[81] abt 1623 in Suffolk, England; died 5 Jan 1668 in Newtown, Queens, New York, daughter of William King  and Dorothy Haynes .   Notes: John was a currier; a person who dresses, dyes, and colours leather.  During June 1650, he was regularly excused from military training because of his trade, since leather might spoil after a day's absence.  He was obliged, however, to pay an 18 pence fine for each day of training he had to miss.  When he married in 1642, he was granted a half acre lot as a house lot near his 10 acres, located by Kings Cove in "Royalls Neck."  This half acre was for "other uses" so he may have had his business there. Although the Dutch had established New Amsterdam on the southern tip of Manhattan Island in 1624, with subsequent villages established in Brooklyn shortly thereafter, the colonization of the eastern end of the Long Island did not immediately follow. It was not until the late 1630's that individual families began acquiring land and settling there and not until 1640 that a town was established. On the north fork of the island a settlement was established at Southold in October 1640, by a group of Puritans from Southwold and Hingham, England, by way of New Haven, under the leadership of the Reverend John Youngs.  Augustus Griffin, author of Southold's first history, wrote in 1857, "a company consisting of 13 men, with their families left their mother country, old England, about the year 1638, for a newly discovered World, known as America. After a passage of some weeks, they arrived at New Haven, then a small village in the then colony of Connecticut. At this place they stopped until early in the autumn of 1640, having made their stay there about two years." While this settlement was the first organized community, the Puritans under Reverend Youngs were not the first English inhabitants of the area. The first footholds were established by individual pioneers, by some indications as early as 1636. One of them, who had already built a home and made other improvements, sold his property four days after Reverend Youngs had "gathered his church anew" on October 21, 1640. In 1655, John sold his house in Massachusetts and moved to Southold, Long Island.  Economically, the region was heavily dependent on small farming, with fishing along the coastal areas, and trade with New England.  With the defeat of the Dutch in 1664, all of Long Island was annexed into the new English colony under the control of James, Duke of York, brother of King Charles II. The new situation included the imposition of new laws dictated by York. Although loosely based on English common law, these new dictates did not include a representative assembly and required all trade to flow through the port of New York. This imposition generated much resentment among the settlers of eastern Long Island. Three east end towns went so far as to petition the king in 1672 for a return to Connecticut's jurisdiction. On 13 December 1680 John gave his estate to his son, Samuel, in exchange for the maintenance of himself and Mary for the remainder of their lives.

                  iii         Elizabeth6 Scudder[82] , born abt 1617/22 in England; christened[83] 23 Aug 1629 in Dartford, Kent, England; died 1 Sep 1682 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts; buried in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts.  She married[84] in 1640 in Burford, Oxfordshire, England Henry Bartholomew , born[85] 1606 in Burford, Lincolnshire, England; died 22 Nov 1692 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, son of William Bartholomew  and Freswede Metcalf .   Notes: Elizabeth and her family lived through interesting times.  In 1660 King Charles II took the English throne and the era of New England independence ended. In 1664 the Massachusetts General Court was informed that a royal commission would arrive to discuss the issue of sovereignty.  In 1666 through 1667, Salem Village petitioned for a separate church polity and was denied. By 1671/72 Salem Village was granted the right to build a church and maintain a minister separate from the Salem Town Church. The villagers would remain members of the Salem Town Church but for reasons of convenience preaching would take place in the Village. After this granting they proceeded with vigor to establish a separate church. Two former and one current pastor would play important roles in the witch hunts. George Burroughs, installed in 1681, would be executed, Deodot Lawson, installed in 1687, would speak at the Salem Village meeting house about the dangers of the devil's seductions, and Samuel Parris, pastor 1689-1697, would be the center point of the entire controversy.  The colony lost its charter in the 1680's.  England revoked all land titles and patents given under the old charter, and required high fees to retain them. Any who refused lost their land. Inheritance taxes were increased. The New England Church was replaced with an Episcopal one, preaching only what was approved by the Council, now staffed by royal representatives (only one man from Salem would be allowed to be a member).   Taxes were levied directly by the king and any semblance of self government by representation was swept away.

                  iv         Martha6 Scudder[86] , born 1621 in Kent, England; died abt 1650 in Massachusetts.

                  v          Thomas6 Scudder[87] , born abt 1622/26 in Kent, England; christened May 1622/26; died[88], [89] 14 Nov 1690 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York.  He married[90] abt 1655 in Massachusetts Mary Ludlam[91], [92] , born[93] abt 1625 in Matlock, Derbyshire, England; christened[94] 7 Aug 1639 in Matlock, Derbyshire, England; died[95] 1690 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York, daughter of William Ludlam  and Clemence Fordham .   Notes: According to Southhold, Long Island, records, Thomas owned land there in 1654. He sold it in 1656 to move, apparently spending a year or more in Babylon, Long Island, before settling in Huntington.  In 1668, Thomas was chosen Town Constable.  He settled "by the waterside" of Huntington Bay, possibly on the site of the "Old House at the Inlet" near the junction of present New York and Park avenues, Huntington.  In 17 October 1660, he brought suit for £100 against Edward Higby for defamation of character.  Thomas won the suit but received only £20 in damages.   In 1673, Suffolk county and the rest of Long Island came back under the control of the Dutch.  Those areas where the population was heavily Dutch, including western Long Island, quickly and enthusiastically fell in with their new rulers. But the East End towns dug in their heels. They looked for help from Connecticut, where Gov. John Winthrop in Hartford had long been looking for an opportunity to bring the East End under his control.  The Dutch in New Orange were now claiming all of Long Island, and they made it clear that they expected the townspeople to sign an oath of loyalty to the new government. The East End towns refused.  On 31 October 1673, three new commissioners, led by Cornelis Steenwyck, were sent to the East Riding, this time in the "Zeehond," a speedy, shallow-draft warship whose intention was to intimidate rather than do battle. When they arrived at Southold, they were met by cavalry and hostile citizens with muskets. As they were leaving Southold on their way to Southampton, the Dutch commissioners were met by an angry group led by John Cooper of Southampton.  Steenwyck and his fellow commissioners heeded Cooper's warning and headed back to New Orange to report to Governor General Anthony Colve. The following February, the "Zeehond" was back at Southold, this time accompanied by two other warships. They came with a message to the town and to Governor Winthrop, demanding ``subjection'' to the Netherlands and the prince of Orange. Refusal would bring swift and total destruction. The Southolders, along with Winthrop's representatives, quickly refused.   The "Zeehond" opened fire with cannonballs. ``The English quickly replied in kind, the ball splashing harmlessly in the water near the bow,'' Shomette said. ``Then commenced a flurry of small-arms fire from both sides, accentuated now and then by cannon. The Dutch fire, which fell thick upon the English, however, did no damage, and the English fire accomplished little more than splinter the sides of the warship.''   The Battle of Southold was over. The Dutch, deciding not to press the issue, raised anchors and sailed away for New Orange. ``The Battle of Southold was to be the high water mark of Dutch efforts over the East Riding towns of Long Island, indeed, of the last days of the Dutch empire on the American continent,'' Shomette said.   As winter turned into spring, there were rumors of peace in the air. As part of the Treaty of Westminster, New Netherland was handed back to England on 10 November 1674. The English had learned their lesson during the 14-month interregnum.  Thomas built the first tanning mills in the town.   They faced the water in the area now called Tanyard Lane.  Leather was cured and sent by wagon to a drum factory on Rogues Path to be transformed into drums for military use all over the world. Over a period of time, Thomas acquired some one thousand acres of land, including land previously acquired in Babylon.  Much of the land was along the Huntington Bay waterside, but some extended well up into the hills from the shore.  He also purchased land eastward to Cow Harbor and Crabmeadow (now Northport). Thomas and Mary had a total of eight known children.  In his will, dated 2 December 1686, he left most of his  real and personal property to be divided equally between his widow, Mary, and his third son, Benjamin.  To his oldest son, Timothy, he left valuable property at Babylon, Cow Harbor (North Point), Red Hook (Vernon Valley), and at Crabmeadow (Northport).

      11        vi         Henry6 Scudder , born[96] abt 1626/30 in Kent, England; died[97] 1661 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York.  He married[98] abt 1655 in Southold, Suffolk, New York Catharine Estes , born[99], [100] 1630 in Preston, Suffolk, England; died[101] 1680 in New York, daughter of Jeffrey Este  and Margaret Pate .

 

 

15. Jeffrey7 Este[102] , born[103] 1587 in England; died[104] 4 Jan 1657 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York, son of 19. Christopher Este  and 20. Anne Arnold .  He married[105] on 29 May 1626 in Freston, Suffolk, England 16. Margaret Pate , born[106] Est 1589 in Ipswich, Essex, England; died[107] Deceased in Massachusetts.

 

Notes for Jeffrey Este

Jeffrey and Margaret migrated from Salem to Newtown.  Jeffrey's son Isaac, who remained in Salem, married Mary Towne who later was a victim of the witchcraft "delusion," being executed with eighteen others 22 September 1692.  About 1656, Jeffrey moved with his son-in-law, Henry Scudder, to Huntington.  They bought land on East Neck on the waterside.  Upon his death, Jeffrey left the bulk of his property to Henry.

 

      Children of Jeffrey Este and Margaret Pate were as follows:

                  i           Mary6 Este , born[108] 1625 in Preston, Suffolk, England; died[109] in Massachusetts.

                  ii          Joseph6 Este , born[110] abt 1626 in Preston, Suffolk, England; died[111] in Massachusetts.

                  iii         Isaac6 Este , born[112] 27 Nov 1627 in Preston, Suffolk, England; died[113] 11 Jun 1712.  He married Mary Towne , died 22 Sep 1692 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts.

      12        iv         Catharine6 Estes , born[114], [115] 1630 in Preston, Suffolk, England; died[116] 1680 in New York.  She married (1)[117] abt 1655 in Southold, Suffolk, New York Henry Scudder , born[118] abt 1626/30 in Kent, England; died[119] 1661 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York, son of Thomas Scudder  and Elizabeth (---) ; (2) aft 1661 Thomas Jones , born Est 1630; died Deceased.

                  v          Edward6 Este , born[120] Est 1632 in Salem, Massachusetts; died[121] 1666.

 

Generation 8

 

17. Henry8 Scudder[122] , born[123] abt 1559 in Kent, England; died abt 5 Nov 1595 in Horton Kirby, Darenth, Kent, England; buried in Horton Kirby, Darenth, Kent, England, son of 21. Thomas Scudder  and 22. Mistress (---) Scudder .  He married[124] abt 1584 in Kent, England 18. Elizabeth Hale[125] , born abt 1563 in England; died in England.

 

Notes for Henry Scudder

During the reign of King Henry VIII, Spanish and French style gowns became very popular. Clothes were more form-fitting and ornate. Men wore colorful tights to emphasize well-developed calves. Women often had such low necklines that preachers condemned them. Both sexes wore as much jewelry as they could afford. And everyone, rich and poor, wore a hat.  Men generally wore flat-heeled shoes while women wore overshoes outside.  These were clogs which raised her feet so her gown wouldn't drag in the dirt.

 

Certain clothing dyes were not expensive, and so even the poor could wear green and brown outfits.  The poor wore homespun woolen clothing with knitted hose and hobnail shoes. In the field, they wore tunics and breeches.

 

Women had long hair which they wore loose until marriage.  After the reign of King Henry VII, men typically had short hair and beards and mustaches.  It was Henry VIII who made beards popular; during his father's reign, men were clean-shaven.

 

Children were dressed as miniature adults from the age of six onwards. Before then, both boys and girls wore simple shifts or gowns.  They were swaddled as infants, a constricting practice which was believed to prevent illness.  In fact, for the first four months of their lives, infants were completely immobilized in swaddling bands.

 

Blonde hair was the most prized haircolor, but auburn and red hair were also popular.  Very white skin and red lips were achieved through the use of dangerous cosmetics; lead, borax, and sulphur were sometimes used.  Every woman hated spots, whether freckles or pimples.

 

As for bathing, most Englishmen thought baths were unhealthy.  Queen Elizabeth I was considered strange for bathing as much as four times a year. Everyone used perfume.  Perfume was splashed on bodies and clothing, particularly the gloves.  The most popular scents included marjoram, lavendar, musk, and rose.  Noblemen and women carried pomanders, a hollow sphere holding a waxed perfume ball. Pomanders were often highly decorative and expensive accessories.  Women attached them to their girdles and men dangled them from a chain.

 

Dentists were surgeons who removed rotten teeth and also performed other small operations.  People cleaned their teeth by rubbing them with a mixture of white wine and vinegar boiled with honey. Fashionable noblewomen would sometimes deliberately blacken their front teeth.

 

According to his will, which he signed 29 September 1594, Henry was a Kentish yeoman.  This means that he was an independent farmer and landowner.  Based on his landholdings, he must have been quite affluent.  He identified his wife, Elizabeth, three sons and five daughters.  One of the daughters, Jane, may have died between the date of the signing of the will and 5 November 1595 when the will was probated, as her name was scratched out at the time of the will's proving.

 

His will identified his landholdings as being within the parishes of Horton Kirby and Sutton-at-Hone.  He left to his son, the Reverend Henry, "the mansion house where I now dwell," apparently in Horton Kirby and quite extensive in its lands, houses, and edifices.  He also left Henry a house in the Chalkdale.

 

To his son Thomas, Henry left three houses in Chappell Greene in Horton parish.  One house was rented by an unidentified Timothy Skudder, another by Michael Pickwell with an acre of land, and the third rented by Christopher Harris.  He left the tenement and lands "purchased of Francis Reeve," rented by Thomas Adams to his son, John.

 

Henry provided that his wife, Elizabeth, would retain custody of all the properties until the boys reached the age of 18 years, provided that she brought them up decently and orderly.  But if she were to die before the boys became 18, the properties would be in the custody of John Humfrey, the elder, Henry's brother, William Skudder, and Anthony Comfot [sp].

 

By comparing the will of the Rev. Henry Scudder of Collingborne-Ducis with this will of Henry Scudder, the similarities of the properties distributed by both wills provides ample evidence that this Henry was the father of Reverend Henry and Thomas of Salem.

 

Notes for Elizabeth Hale

Young girls were taught that they had to obey their parents instantly. As a father dominated a household, this basically meant that the girls grew up to instinctively obey men. Even uncles, older brothers and male family friends could expect instant obedience from girls. Girls received no formal education (though very few boys did) but they were taught that their sole function in life was to marry, have children and look after their homes and husbands. Girls were taught that God had commanded them to be obedient to men, be it father or husband.

 

Girls from a poor home received no education as we would recognise it. They learned skills for life from their mothers. Girls from the homes of the rich received some form of education but it was in things like managing a household, needlework and meal preparation. It was generally believed that teaching girls to read and write was a waste of time.

 

Young ladies from a rich family would have no choice over who their husbands would be. Marriages were frequently arranged so that the families involved would benefit ¿ whether the young lady loved her future husband was effectively irrelevant. In fact, it would not have been unusual for a couple to meet for the first time at their wedding.

 

There was no legal age for marriage and many girls aged 14 would have got married at that age. In the homes of the poor, there was almost a rush to marry off daughters as it was believed that once they reached a certain age, about 14, they would have been seen as being too old for marrying off and therefore a liability at home, one extra mouth to feed and no extra income coming into the house.

 

Once married, the main function of a wife was to produce a son to continue the family line. This was true for royalty right down to the common peasant. In would not have been unusual for wives to be pregnant every twelve months. In Tudor England, pregnancy and especially childbirth was dangerous for the wife. Death in childbirth was not unusual. One ¿tradition¿ at this time was for a wife to prepare a new baby¿s nursery but to also make arrangements for the baby should she, the mother, die in childbirth.

 

The actual act of childbirth was assisted by a ¿midwife¿. In fact, this was usually an elderly female relative or female neighbour with no medical knowledge. Complications were frequent and death not unusual in childbirth, but no proper doctors existed in times to change this. Even if a delivery of a baby was successful, the mother could still fall prey to illness due to the lack of hygiene during childbirth.Puerperal fever and post-birth infections were both killers.

 

The way women dressed was also strictly controlled. Women who were not married could wear their hair loose. Married women had to hide their hair away under a veil and a hood. Queens might wear their hair loose on state occasions but this was only tolerated because they had to wear a crown.

 

A woman¿s dress covered nearly everything. Sleeves came down to the wrists and even in summer dresses reached the floor. Corsets were common but a plunging neckline would be considered acceptable. For queens, ceremonial dress could be even of a challenge as their dresses could be beautiful to those looking at them but they were both bulky and weighed a great deal as they were usually encrusted with jewels. Worn on a hot evening at a state occasion, such dresses must have been uncomfortable to wear.

 

      Children of Henry Scudder and Elizabeth Hale were as follows:

                  i           Reverend Henry7 Scudder , born[126] abt 1585 in Kent, England; died abt May 1652 in Wiltshire, England; buried in Collingbourne-Ducis, Wiltshire, England.  He married (1) on 7 Jun 1608 in Banbury, Wiltshire, England Elizabeth Hunt , born abt 1600 in England; died abt 1625 in England, daughter of George Hunt ; (2) aft 1625 in England Joyce Savage , born bef 1620 in England; died in England.   Notes: Henry graduated from Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1606.  He began a life as a Puritan minister.  He first served as vicar at Drayton, Oxfordshire.  Then in 1633 he became the rector of St. Andrew parish at Collingbourne-Ducis, a village on the River Bourne, near Marlborough, Wiltshire, where he served the remainder of his life.  During this time, he wrote a number of devotional works, one of which, "The Christian's Daily Walke in Holy Securitie and Peace," was used by churchgoers for close to 200 years. In June 1643, Henry was summoned to the Westminster assembly of divines.  The following year in October, he preached before the House of Commons on a fast day at St. Margaret's Westminster.  His sermon was printed by request of the Commons.  When in June 1645 an order came from the Commons to pray for Oliver Cromwell's forces, Henry was one of the four preachers assigned to Aldgate.  On 9 February 1648, his name was added to the committee for the scriptures. Henry died before the Restoration and was buried in his church at Collingbourne-Ducis.  Later, his tomb was removed.  His will, written 12 February 1651 and proved in London 31 May 1652, named his second wife Joyce; daughters Jane, Martha, Bridgett, and a deceased daughter, Elizabeth; a granddaughter, Elizabeth; and a brother, "Thomas Scudder, and all his sonnes and his daughter Elizabeth now in New England."  The will also named "cousins Bridgett Giles and John Scudder and Elizabeth now in New England."

      13        ii          Thomas7 Scudder[127], [128] , born 1586/91 in Horton Kirby, Darenth, Kent, England; died[129] aft 30 Sep 1657 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts.  He married abt 1610 in England Elizabeth (---)[130], [131] , born abt 1590 in England; died[132] 9 Sep 1666 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts.

                  iii         John7 Scudder , born[133] abt 1588 in Kent, England; died 1625/26 in Strood, Kent, England.  He married on 4 Sep 1613 in Malden, Essex, England Elizabeth Stoughton[134] , born Est 1600 in Kent, England; died[135] abt 1647 in Ipswich, Essex, Massachusetts, daughter of Reverend Thomas Stoughton  and Katheryn (---) .

                  iv         Elizabeth7 Scudder , born[136] abt 1590 in Kent, England; died Deceased in England.

                  v          Bridget7 Scudder , born[137] abt 1591 in Kent, England; died 1670/80 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts.  She married (1) abt 1616 in England Thomas Very , born abt 1593 in Kent, England; died 29 Oct 1631 in Strood, Kent, England; (2) in 1636 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts Edward Giles , born abt 1610; died aft 17 Dec 1679 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts.   Notes: Bridget came to America as a widow with her family, then married Edward Giles in 1636 and had a family with him.  She is mentioned in the will of Reverend Henry Scudder as a cousin living in New England, along with other cousins, John Scudder and Elizabeth Lathrop. Bridget was a member of the First Church of Salem in 1648.  She lived with her first son, Samuel, on the north side of Cedar Pond and the brook running from it, about sixty rods from the almshouse in Danvers, where they owned a large tract of land.  There her descendants lived for a century afterwards, as shown by various deeds, wills, and other records, as well as family tradition.  Perhaps the greater number of her descendants moved to Salem, where the majority became seamen. On 10 November 1671 Bridget Giles of Salem, widow, gave to "my son Eliezue Giles" of Salem, husbandman, "twenty acres of upland and meadow formerly belonging to my husband Edward Giles of Salem deceased."  Bridget's will was written on 14 January 1668/9 and proved on 30 November 1680.  In it "Bregett Giles of Salem, widow," bequeathed to son Samuell Very 20s.; to son Thomas Very 20s.; to Mary Cutler of Reading the wife of Thomas Cutler 40s.; to "Briegett Very the daughter of my son Thomas Very" a cow at eighteen or at marriage; to "my son Eliazer Gilles" one ten acre lot "which sometime belonged to Goodman Addams of Nuberie of whom my husband bought it" and some meadow adjoining; and to "my son John Geiles" the residue.

                  vi         Alice7 Scudder , born[138] abt 1592 in England; died in England.

                  vii        Martha7 Scudder , born[139] abt 1593 in Kent, England; died in England.

                  viii       Jane7 Scudder , born[140] abt 1594 in Kent, England; died bef Nov 1595 in Kent, England.

 

 

19. Christopher8 Este[141] .  He married 20. Anne Arnold[142] .

 

      Children of Christopher Este and Anne Arnold were as follows:

      15        i           Jeffrey7 Este[143] , born[144] 1587 in England; died[145] 4 Jan 1657 in Huntington, Suffolk, New York.  He married[146] on 29 May 1626 in Freston, Suffolk, England Margaret Pate , born[147] Est 1589 in Ipswich, Essex, England; died[148] Deceased in Massachusetts.

 

Generation 9

 

21. Thomas9 Scudder , born[149] abt 1536 in England; died[150] 1592/94 in Darenth, Kent, England, son of 23. John Scudder  and 24. Joan (---) .  He married[151] Est 1556 in England 22. Mistress (---) Scudder , born[152] Est 1539 in England; died in England.

 

Notes for Thomas Scudder

The English Reformation brought many social and economic problems during Thomas' life.  King Henry VIII's attack on the Catholic Church began in 1529, and by 1534 the English Church was severed from the Church of Rome and the Pope.  Religious traditions declined.  Fewer pilgrims travelled through the Darent Valley on their way from London to Canterbury.  Merchants who sold souvenirs to the pilgrims complained that their profits were down, and that their trade was ruined.  Many Protestants were executed during the reigns of Queen Mary (1553-1554) and Philip and Mary (1554-1558).

 

Increased urbanization and poor sanitation led to many diseases. As well as the plague new diseases entered England in the Tudor period; smallpox and sweating sickness which could kill a victim in two to three hours.  Untreated sewage, offal, dung and other unpleasant things in the rivers of Kent led to diseases associated with food and water such as typhus, cholera and dysentery.

 

During Thomas' lifetime, the population of England was increasing.  Prosperity also was growing as evidenced by homeowners adding chimneys, enlarging their houses, and changing their eating utinsils from wood to pewter, silver, or tin.  At the same time, rents and interest rates were also increasing.

 

Thomas' home was probably typical of the time, consisting of five rooms.  As he entered the house, he came into the hall or main living room, which contained the fireplace.  Next to the hall was the parlor, sometimes used as a bedroom.  Over those two rooms were two rooms usually reached by stairs.  These rooms were used as storerooms, but could be bedrooms.  To the rear of the hall and entered by a door beside the fireplace, was the kitchen.

 

Furniture consisted of beds, tables, chairs, stools, and chests.  The bed was the most important possession.  It would have had curtains to provide warmth and privacy.  A valance around the mattress would hide whatever was stored under it, including the chamber pot.  Well-to-do people slept on a feather mattress, less well off on flock, which was a mixture of wool and shredded cloth.  The poor slept on straw mattresses.  Beneath all mattresses were hard boards.  Bolsters and pillows were plentiful.  Typically, three, four, or five people shared each bed.

 

Cooking was done on or in front of an open fire with the use of spits.  Baking went on in every home, usually by the use of a griddle placed on the fire, ovens were not yet in use.  Water in the home came from a source common to many households, a stream, brook, well or pond.

 

Males and females were separated in the church, and seating was by social rank. This occasionally led to brawls in the church over who outranked who. Churches became the stage for family pride; often altars were pulled down and replaced by elaborate family tombs. This was part of the great surge in social mobility, and hand in hand with it, a great class consciousness. Pretensions to nobility were insisted upon fanatically.  These class concerns extended far beyond church; they found an outlet, for example, in heraldry which bedecked the new tombs. Before Tudor times coats of arms were generally simple affairs. Now they became crowded, full of reference to real or imagined family backgrounds.

 

      Children of Thomas Scudder and Mistress (---) Scudder were as follows:

                  i           John8 Scudder[153] , born[154] abt 1557 in Kent, England; died[155] 1584 in Stone, Kent, England.  He married[156] Est 1577 in England Wynefrith (---) , born Est 1559 in England; died Deceased in England.

      17        ii          Henry8 Scudder[157] , born[158] abt 1559 in Kent, England; died abt 5 Nov 1595 in Horton Kirby, Darenth, Kent, England; buried in Horton Kirby, Darenth, Kent, England.  He married[159] abt 1584 in Kent, England Elizabeth Hale[160] , born abt 1563 in England; died in England.

                  iii         William8 Scudder , born[161] Est 1561 in Darenth, Kent, England; died[162] abt Nov 1607 in Kent, England.  He married[163], [164] in 1588 in Darenth, Kent, England Margaret Humphrey , born abt 1559 in England; died[165] aft 17 Nov 1626 in Newington Butts, Surrey, England.   Notes: William's will, dated 27 July 1607 and probated 4 November 1607, mentions his wife, Margery [Margaret], and four daughters, Parnell, Margaret, Joane, and Mary.  To Parnell, William left his lands in Dartford and Wilmington of which a portion were being rented by James Pinden, the remainder to go to his youngest daughter, Mary.  The other daughters were to receive a house called Frog Lane with its mault houses in Sutton-at-Hone.  Mary and Parnell were to share a parcel of land at Sutton-at-Hone called Pricles Meade, which was six acres or more. If the girls were to die without heirs, the property would go to William's nephew, Henry, son of William's brother, John.  Some of the property would go to Henry and Thomas Scudder, the sons of William's brother, Henry, who was deceased at the time of William's will.  William also named another of Henry's sons, John, who would receive property willed to Mary.  William also left money to his daughters. William named his wife Margery to be his executrix, with his "cousins" and neighbors Robert Walter, John Humfrey, and Thomas Scudder to be overseers.

 

Generation 10

 

23. John10 Scudder , born[166] abt 1513 in England; died[167] aft 25 Nov 1566 in Little Brook, Stone, Kent, England, son of 25. John Scudder  and 26. Mistress (---) Scudder .  He married[168] abt 1534 in England 24. Joan (---)[169] , born Est 1515 in England; died aft 1565 in Kent, England.

 

Notes for John Scudder

King Henry VIII, 1491-1547, married his brother Arthur's widow, Katharine Of Aragón, who bore him a daughter, Mary I. His chief minister, Thomas Wolsey, concluded an alliance with Francis I of France. but Henry, despite the Field Of The Cloth Of Gold, joined (1522) Emperor Charles V in a war against France.

 

England prospered internally under Wolsey, who had almost complete control. The court became a center of learning, and the pope gave Henry the title "Defender of the Faith" for a treatise he wrote against Martin Luther. By 1527 Henry, desiring a male heir, wished to marry Anne Boleyn, but Pope Clement VII, under the control of Katharine's nephew, Charles V, resisted his demands for a divorce. Wolsey's failure in this affair caused his downfall, and Thomas Cromwell became chief minister. An anti-ecclesiastical policy was adopted, and the subservient Thomas Cranmer became archbishop of Canterbury. He immediately pronounced Henry's marriage to Katharine invalid. Papal powers were transferred to the king, who became the supreme head of the English church.

 

The break with Rome was now complete, and the Church of England was established.  Anne, whom Henry immediately married, had one daughter, Elizabeth I.  The marriage ended in 1536, when Anne was convicted of adultery and beheaded.  Ten days later Henry married Jane Seymour, who died in 1537 giving birth to Edward VI.  The king dealt harshly with rebellions against the abolition of papal supremacy and the dissolution of the monasteries. In 1537 he licensed the publication of the Bible in English. His marriage (1540) to Anne Of Cleves, whom he disliked and soon divorced, led to the execution of Cromwell.

 

Henry then married Catherine Howard, who suffered (1542) Anne Boleyn's fate.  In 1543 Catherine Parr  became his sixth queen.  In 1542 war with Scotland began again, and Henry made unsuccessful attempts to unite the two kingdoms.  Wales was officially incorporated into England (1536), but the conquest of Ireland proved too expensive.  The end of Henry's reign saw a gradual move toward Protestantism. Henry remained immensely popular, despite his advancement of personal desires under the guise of public policy or moral right. His political insight, however, grew steadily better, and the power of Parliament increased. He gave England a comparatively peaceful reign.

 

Poor people may have had humble and unvaried diets consisting largely of bread, fish, cheese and ale, but the rich of Elizabethan England ate well. All kind of meats were served such as lamb, beef, mutton, pork, bacon, veal, rabbit, hare, and foul such as peacock, swan, goose, blackbirds and pigeon. They also ate different kind of freshwater and sea fish. Meat would often be smoked in an attempt to preserve it, but salt, spice and sugar helped to disguise the taste of rotting meat. Vegetables such as turnips, parsnips, carrots, onions, leeks, garlic and radishes were also eaten, and fruits such as apples, pears, plums, cherries and woodland strawberries. However, vegetables and fruits were regarded with some suspicion and it was far more common for roasted and boiled meat to be accompanied with bread.

 

Over the course of the Tudor period, more and more foods were introduced into society as they were discovered in the New World, such as Tomatoes (or love apples as they were known) from Mexico, Turkey from Mexico and Central America, Kidney Beans from Peru, and of course the Potato famously brought to England by Sir Walter Raleigh in the later years of Elizabeth¿s reign. However, the Elizabethans did not know quite how to use or cook these foods to their optimum, so they were not as tasty as they could have been and tended to be kept as special delicacies.

 

As well as a good meal, the Tudors were fond of desserts. They enjoyed pastries, tarts, cakes, cream, and custard, and crystallised fruit and syrup. They were especially fond of sugar and marzipan and on special occasions such as banquets, all kinds of specialities would be made out of sugar and marzipan such as animals, birds, fruits or baskets. Sometimes wine glasses, dishes, playing cards and trenchers were made out of a crisp modelled sugar called sugar-plate which would be elaborately decorated.

 

      Children of John Scudder and Joan (---) were as follows:

                  i           John9 Scudder , born[170] abt 1535 in England; died[171] 1592 in Stone, Kent, England.  He married[172] abt 1556 in England Alice (---) , born Est 1535 in England; died in England.

      21        ii          Thomas9 Scudder , born[173] abt 1536 in England; died[174] 1592/94 in Darenth, Kent, England.  He married[175] Est 1556 in England Mistress (---) Scudder , born[176] Est 1539 in England; died in England.

                  iii         Joan9 Scudder , born[177] abt 1538 in England; died in England.

                  iv         Wynefreth9 Scudder , born[178] abt 1540 in England; died in England.

                  v          Dorothy9 Scudder , born[179] abt 1542 in England; died in England.

                  vi         Bridget9 Scudder , born[180] abt 1544 in England; died in England.

 

Generation 11

 

25. John11 Scudder , born[181], [182] abt 1491 in Stone, Kent, England; died[183] 15 Apr 1542 in England, son of 27. Henry Skudder  and 28. Agnes (---) .  He married[184] abt 1511 in England 26. Mistress (---) Scudder , born[185] Est 1494 in England; died bef 1541 in England.

 

Notes for John Scudder

King Henry VII, 1457-1509, became head of the house of Lancaster at Henry VI's death. In 1485 he invaded England from France and defeated the forces of Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field. The next year he married Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth, thus uniting the houses of York and Lancaster and founding the Tudor dynasty. Although his accession marked the end of the Wars of the Roses, the early years of his reign were disturbed by Yorkist attempts to regain the throne, e.g., the impersonations of Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck. He consolidated English rule in Ireland (1494) and effected a peace treaty with Scotland (1499), which was followed by the marriage of his daughter Margaret to James IV of Scotland. He established the Tudor tradition of autocratic rule tempered by justice and increased the powers of the Star Chamber court.

 

The English crown had changed hands five times in the twenty-four years before Henry VII's rule. The great households of England were convulsed in the battles between Lancaster and York. They chose sides, clashed, lost lands, and won them. They could do this because they could raise large armies.  As civil unrest spread over the years, English citizens lost faith in the crown and its laws.  As a consequence, they turned to the great lords for protection and guidance.

 

The poor and wealthy lived off the land. England was self-sufficient, able to feed its population without resorting to imports. Most peasants had small bits of land in villages and towns. They kept chickens, pigs, and perhaps a cow. Those with animals slaughtered them in November. The meat was smoked, dried, or salted; kept for meals in the cold months. Bacon was the most common meat of poor people. Smoked bacon and salted beef were most popular during the winter.

 

Since there were usually several people digging into a common dish with their fingers, having clean hands was important.  People were advised to wash their hands out in the open where everyone could see and then be assured the hands were clean.

 

Of course, it was another matter to keep your hands clean during the meal.   Manuals for manners gave a list of things people should refrain from during a meal, such as: don't put your fingers in your ears, don't put your hands on your heads, don't blow your nose with your hands, men were told to refrain from "scratching."

 

Other bad manners advised against were people blowing their noses or wiping off sweat with their napkins; people poking around on a plate (probably looking for the better piece of food); and putting bones back on a platter after eating the meat off.  The "proper" place for bones was the floor.  The "release of wind" was also frowned on.

 

John's will dated 24 June 1541 and proved 15 April 1542, names his children as Henry, John, William, Joan Marshall, and Jane Dawithe, and makes no mention of his wife.  He asked to be buried in the churchyard at Stone, Kent, England.

 

      Children of John Scudder and Mistress (---) Scudder were as follows:

                  i           Henry10 Scudder , born[186] abt 1511 in England; died[187] 1571 in Stone, Kent, England.  He married[188] abt 1531 in England Alice (---) , born[189] abt 1511 in England; died Deceased in England.   Notes: Henry's will, dated 31 March 1563 and proved in 1571, mentions his wife, Alice, sons John, William, Lawrence, Henry, Edward, and Richard, and daughter, Alice.  He made his wife the executrix, gave the children sums of money, and his house and land in Darenth and Saint Margaret parishes to his wife.  He identified his occupation as husbandman, and that he was of Stone, Kent.

      23        ii          John10 Scudder , born[190] abt 1513 in England; died[191] aft 25 Nov 1566 in Little Brook, Stone, Kent, England.  He married[192] abt 1534 in England Joan (---)[193] , born Est 1515 in England; died aft 1565 in Kent, England.

                  iii         William10 Scudder , born[194] abt 1515 in England; died[195] bef 1541 in Kent, England.  He married Joan Cooper .

                  iv         Joan10 Scudder , born[196] abt 1515 in England; died[197] aft 1541 in England.  She married (---) Marshall , born Est 1513 in England; died in England.

                  v          Jane10 Scudder , born[198] abt 1517 in England; died[199] aft 1541 in England.  She married (---) Darwithe .

 

Generation 12

 

27. Henry12 Skudder , born[200] abt 1469 in Kent, England; died[201] abt 9 Nov 1504 in Kent, England; buried in Horton Kirby, Kent, England.  He married[202] abt 1489 in Kent, England 28. Agnes (---) , born[203] abt 1469 in Kent, England; died abt 4 Nov 1508 in England.

 

Notes for Henry Skudder

Henry lived in Horton-Kirby in the Darenth Valley of Kent.  Darenth, first mentioned in the tenth century as Daerintan, is the same word as the river Darent, suggesting an ¿estate or settlement on the Darent.¿  The river¿s name is Celtic and means a ¿river where oak-trees grow.¿  Horton-Kirby is literally a ¿muddy farmstead.¿  The village first appeared in the Doomsday Book as Hortune.  By 1346 it showed up as Horton Kyrkeby, having acquired a manorial affix from its possession by the de Kirkeby family in the thirteenth century.

 

Saxon tribes and Frankish people from Germany, Northern France and Belgium had settled this part of Kent.  Little is known about the siting, size and nature of Saxon settlements.  Any traces of their sunken-floored huts made from timber, wattle and thatch have disappeared. A few occupation sites have been identified in the local area; some of these were sited close to former Roman villa sites. Some of the largest or most interesting Saxon cemeteries in Kent have been found in or near Horton-Kirby.

 

Small Saxon settlements evolved into larger and more permanent villages as time progressed. The modern-day names of many of the villages contain elements characteristic of the Saxon language proving that they already existed before the Norman Conquest in 1066.   Horton-Kirby, Sutton-at-Home, Farningham, Lullingstone, Eynsford and Swanscombe were all founded in Saxon times. Many local churches show clear evidence of Saxon architecture. Entries in the Doomsday Book compiled by the Normans in 1086 demonstrate that the Saxons¿ settlements, which evolved over a period of five hundred years or more, were well administered and organized, with an emphasis on agriculture and animal husbandry.

 

At the time of Henry¿s life, England¿s population was low because of the Black Death and other plagues.  The period 1500-1600 was one of instability and inflation causing poverty and sometimes homelessness for a large number of ordinary laborers and unskilled workers.  There were those in the area who profited from inflation, especially those who owned land and had surplus produce to sell in the market. The wealth of the gentry and yeoman farmers rose rapidly. They were able to invest in properties, land and luxury goods, which gave them a strong position in community life and community affairs.  It is possible that Henry was a member of this class; his descendants named themselves as gentry.

 

Henry's will is dated 14 July 1504 and proved 9 November, probably 1504.  In it he makes Agnes, his wife, the executrix, and lists his children as:  Thomas, Robert, Richard, John, Joan, Margery, Alice, and Elizabeth..  He wished to be buried in the churchyard of St. Mary parish church.

 

Notes for Agnes (---)

Agnes' will is dated 4 November 1508.  In it she mentions her children, Thomas, Robert, Joan, and Isabell.  She also mentions Agnes, the daughter of John Scudder, to whom she left one ewe lamb.  She appointed Thomas and Robert to be executors.

 

      Children of Henry Skudder and Agnes (---) were as follows:

      25        i           John11 Scudder , born[204], [205] abt 1491 in Stone, Kent, England; died[206] 15 Apr 1542 in England.  He married[207] abt 1511 in England Mistress (---) Scudder , born[208] Est 1494 in England; died bef 1541 in England.

                  ii          Thomas11 Scudder , born[209] abt 1494 in Kent, England; died[210] abt 18 Feb 1533 in Kent, England; buried in Horton Kirby, Kent, England.  He married[211] abt 1514 in Kent, England Alice (---) , born abt 1484 in Kent, England; died in England.   Notes: Thomas' will is dated 27 November 1532 and proved 18 February, possibly 1533.  In it he made his wife, Alice, and son, John, to be executors.  He mentions his children John, William, and Henry, and his brothers, John and Richard, and Richard's daughter, Alice.  He left his son, John, his houses and lands in the parishes of Horton and Sutton.  Apparently, at the time of the drawing of the will, William and Henry were younger than 12 years old.

                  iii         Robert11 Scudder , born[212] abt 1495 in Kent, England; died bef 1532 in England.

                  iv         Richard11 Scudder , born[213] abt 1496 in Kent, England; died[214] aft 1531 in England.  He married unknown.

                  v          Jayne11 Scudder , born[215] abt 1498 in Kent, England; died in England.  She married (---) Baker .

                  vi         Margaret11 Scudder , born[216] abt 1499 in Kent, England; died in England.

                  vii        Alice11 Scudder , born[217] abt 1500 in Kent, England; died in England.

                  viii       Joanna11 Scudder , born[218] abt 1501 in Kent, England; died in England.

                  ix         Elizabeth11 Scudder , born[219] abt 1502 in Kent, England; died in England.

 


INDEX


(---)

Agnes (1469-1508)........................................ 19, 20

Alice (1484-)....................................................... 21

Alice (1511-)....................................................... 20

Alice (1535-)....................................................... 18

Eleanor (-1830)...................................................... 1

Elizabeth (1590-1666)............................ 4, 6, 12, 14

Joan (1515-1565)..................................... 16, 17, 20

Katheryn (1564-1603).......................................... 14

Mary (1693-1751).......................................... 2, 3, 4

Penelope (1615-).................................................... 8

Sarah.................................................................... 6

Wynefrith (1559-)................................................ 16

Arnold

Anne............................................................. 11, 15

Baker

(---)..................................................................... 22

Jayne (Scudder) (1498-)....................................... 22

Barr

Naomi................................................................... 1

Bartholomew

Elizabeth (Scudder) (1617-1682)............................ 9

Freswede (Metcalf) (1576-1647)............................. 9

Henry (1606-1692)................................................. 9

William (1567-1634).............................................. 9

Bestpitch

Priscilla................................................................. 1

Black

Ruth (Scudder) (1740-1816)................................... 2

Sgt. James (1740-1781).......................................... 2

Brown

Francis.................................................................. 5

Martha (Chapman)................................................ 5

Sarah (1659-1690)................................................. 5

Chapman

Martha.................................................................. 5

Chase

Rachel................................................................... 2

Cooper

Joan.................................................................... 20

Coulbourn

Ann (1812-1891)................................................... 1

Priscilla (Bestpitch)............................................... 1

Robert................................................................... 1

Darwithe

(---)..................................................................... 20

Jane (Scudder) (1517-1541).................................. 20

Day

Hannah (Scudder) (1747-1794)............................... 2

John (-1813).......................................................... 2

Dodd

Susannah.............................................................. 1

Este

Anne (Arnold)............................................... 11, 15

Christopher................................................... 11, 15

Edward (1632-1666)............................................. 12

Isaac (1627-1712)................................................ 11

Jeffrey (1587-1657).................................... 4, 11, 15

Joseph (1626-)..................................................... 11

Margaret (Pate) (1589-).............................. 4, 11, 15

Mary (1625-)....................................................... 11

Mary (Towne) (-1692).......................................... 11

Estes

Catharine (1630-1680)................................. 3, 4, 11

Fordham

Clemence (1605-1647)......................................... 10

Giles

Bridget (Scudder) (1591-1670)............................. 15

Edward (1610-1679)............................................. 15

Hale

Elizabeth (1563-)....................................... 6, 12, 17

Haynes

Dorothy (1601-1683)............................................. 8

Humphrey

Margaret (1559-1626).......................................... 17

Hunt

Elizabeth (1600-1625).......................................... 14

George (1574-).................................................... 14

Jones

Catharine (Estes) (1630-1680).............................. 11

Mary (1665-)..................................................... 3, 6

Mary (Scudder) (1660-1747)................................... 5

Reverend Eliphalet (1641-1731)............................. 6

Reverend John....................................................... 6

Sarah ((---))........................................................... 6

Thomas (1630-)................................................... 12

King

Dorothy (Haynes) (1601-1683)............................... 8

Mary (1623-1668).................................................. 8

William (1595-1650).............................................. 8

Knock

Susanna (1740-1773)......................................... 1, 2

Lank

Ann (Coulbourn) (1812-1891)................................ 1

Captain Levin (1789-1875)..................................... 1

Comfort (Scudder) (1764-1791).............................. 1

Eleanor ((---)) (-1830)............................................ 1

Levin.................................................................... 1

Levin Jr................................................................. 1

Mitchell (1793-1854)............................................. 1

Naomi (Barr)......................................................... 1

Sophia (1800-1874)................................................ 1

Susannah (Dodd)................................................... 1

Thomas Barr (1764-1838)...................................... 1

Ludlam

Clemence (Fordham) (1605-1647)........................ 10

Mary (1625-1690)................................................ 10

William (1600-1655)............................................ 10

Marshall

(---) (1513-)......................................................... 20

Joan (Scudder) (1515-1541).................................. 20

Marvel

Cloe (1749-).......................................................... 2

Rachel (Chase)...................................................... 2

Robert (1737-)....................................................... 2

McAfee

(---)....................................................................... 3

Margaret (Scudder) (1720-).................................... 3

Metcalf

Freswede (1576-1647)............................................ 9

Mustard

Abby (Scudder) (1745-).......................................... 2

James (-1773)........................................................ 2

Pate

Margaret (1589-)........................................ 4, 11, 15

Powell

Abigail (1668-1757)............................................... 4

Rankin

Abby (Scudder) (1745-).......................................... 2

David.................................................................... 2

Robinson

Ann (1722-).......................................................... 1

Savage

Joyce (1620-)....................................................... 14

Scudder

Abby (1745-)......................................................... 2

Abigail (1769-1801)............................................... 1

Alice ((---)) (1484-).............................................. 21

Alice ((---)) (1511-).............................................. 20

Alice ((---)) (1535-).............................................. 18

Alice (1500-)....................................................... 22

Alice (1592-)....................................................... 15

Bridget (1544-).................................................... 19

Bridget (1591-1670)............................................. 15

Catharine (Estes) (1630-1680)...................... 3, 4, 11

Cloe (Marvel) (1749-)............................................ 2

Comfort (1764-1791)............................................. 1

David (1661-).................................................... 3, 6

David (1690-1750)......................................... 2, 3, 4

David (1738-1773)............................................. 1, 2

Dorothy (1542-)................................................... 19

Elizabeth ((---)) (1590-1666).................. 4, 6, 12, 14

Elizabeth (1502-)................................................. 22

Elizabeth (1590-)................................................. 14

Elizabeth (1617-1682)............................................ 9

Elizabeth (Hale) (1563-)............................. 6, 12, 17

Elizabeth (Hunt) (1600-1625)............................... 14

Elizabeth (Stoughton) (1600-1647)....................... 14

Hannah (1747-1794).............................................. 2

Henry (1511-1571)............................................... 20

Henry (1559-1595)..................................... 6, 12, 17

Henry (1626-1661)................................. 3, 4, 10, 11

Henry (1685-1730)................................................. 3

Jane (1517-1541)................................................. 20

Jane (1594-1595)................................................. 15

Jayne (1498-)....................................................... 22

Joan ((---)) (1515-1565)............................ 16, 17, 20

Joan (1515-1541)................................................. 20

Joan (1538-)........................................................ 18

Joan (Cooper)...................................................... 20

Joanna (1501-)..................................................... 22

John (1491-1542)..................................... 17, 19, 21

John (1513-1566)..................................... 15, 17, 20

John (1535-1592)................................................. 18

John (1557-1584)................................................. 16

John (1588-1625)................................................. 14

John (1616-1685)................................................... 8

Jonathan (1657-1690)............................................ 5

Jonathan (1715-1767).................................... 1, 2, 3

Jonathan (1740-1771)............................................ 2

Joyce (Savage) (1620-)......................................... 14

Margaret (1499-).................................................. 22

Margaret (1720-).................................................... 3

Margaret (Humphrey) (1559-1626)....................... 17

Martha (1593-).................................................... 15

Martha (1621-1650)............................................... 9

Mary ((---)) (1693-1751)................................. 2, 3, 4

Mary (1660-1747).................................................. 5

Mary (Jones) (1665-).......................................... 3, 6

Mary (King) (1623-1668)....................................... 8

Mary (Ludlam) (1625-1690)................................. 10

Mary (Willets) (1692-1750).................................... 4

Mary M. (Templin) (1720-)............................ 1, 2, 3

Mistress (---) (1494-1541)........................ 17, 19, 21

Mistress (---) (1539-)................................ 12, 16, 18

Moses (1658-1683)................................................ 5

Moses (1718-1759)................................................ 3

Penelope ((---)) (1615-).......................................... 8

Phebe (1714-1751)................................................. 3

Rachel (1749-)....................................................... 2

Rebecca (1656-)..................................................... 4

Reverend Henry (1585-1652)................................ 14

Richard (1496-1531)............................................ 22

Robert (1495-1532).............................................. 22

Ruth (1740-1816).................................................. 2

Sarah (Brown) (1659-1690).................................... 5

Susanna................................................................ 2

Susanna (Knock) (1740-1773)............................ 1, 2

Thomas (1494-1533)............................................ 21

Thomas (1536-1592)................................ 12, 15, 18

Thomas (1586-1657).............................. 4, 6, 12, 14

Thomas (1622-1690).............................................. 9

William (1515-1541)............................................ 20

William (1561-1607)............................................ 17

William (1612-1655).............................................. 8

Wynefreth (1540-)............................................... 19

Wynefrith ((---)) (1559-)...................................... 16

Skudder

Agnes ((---)) (1469-1508)............................... 19, 20

Henry (1469-1504)......................................... 19, 20

Starr

Phebe (Scudder) (1714-1751)................................. 3

Richard................................................................. 3

Stewart

Abigail (Scudder) (1769-1801)................................ 1

Ann (Robinson) (1722-)......................................... 1

John Albertus (1720-1773)..................................... 1

Thomas (1746-1811).............................................. 1

Stoughton

Elizabeth (1600-1647).......................................... 14

Katheryn ((---)) (1564-1603)................................ 14

Reverend Thomas (1557-1622)............................. 14

Templin

John.................................................................. 2, 3

Mary M. (1720-)............................................ 1, 2, 3

Titus

Abiel (1640-1739).................................................. 5

Hannah (Uxar) (1604-1672)................................... 5

Rebecca (Scudder) (1656-)..................................... 4

Robert (1600-1678)................................................ 5

Towne

Mary (-1692)....................................................... 11

Uxar

Hannah (1604-1672).............................................. 5

Very

Bridget (Scudder) (1591-1670)............................. 15

Thomas (1593-1631)............................................ 15

Willets

Abigail (Powell) (1668-1757).................................. 4

Mary (1692-1750).................................................. 4

Richard (1661-1703).............................................. 4


 

 

 

  



[1]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Submission: AF93-102180, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.  Submitter: Wallace K. Penrose, 4339 Bennion Road, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119.

[2]Harry Lank Price; comp. <Harry@oursussexroots.com>, Our Sussex Roots (downloaded from World Wide Web, 27 November 2009 <http://oursussexroots.com/>).

[3]Ibid.

[4]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Submission: AF93-102180, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.  Submitter: Wallace K. Penrose, 4339 Bennion Road, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119.

[5]Ibid., Submission: AF93-102180, Submitter: Wallace K. Penrose, 4339 Bennion Road, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119.

[6]Ibid., Submission: AF93-102180, Submitter: Wallace K. Penrose, 4339 Bennion Road, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119.

[7]Ibid., Submission: AF93-102180, Submitter: Wallace K. Penrose, 4339 Bennion Road, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119.

[8]Harry Lank Price; comp. <Harry@oursussexroots.com>, Our Sussex Roots (downloaded from World Wide Web, 27 November 2009 <http://oursussexroots.com/>).

[9]Ibid.

[10]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Submission: AF93-102180, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.  Submitter: Wallace K. Penrose, 4339 Bennion Road, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119.

[11]Ibid., Submission: AF93-102180, Submitter: Wallace K. Penrose, 4339 Bennion Road, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119.

[12]Ibid., Submission: AF93-102180, Submitter: Wallace K. Penrose, 4339 Bennion Road, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119.

[13]Val Dalton; comp. <afvdunn@ihc.com>, Val Dunn (downloaded from World Wide Web, 26 November 2009 <http:awt.ancestrylibrary.com/>), Ancestry.com, 360 West 4800 North, Provo, UT 84604.

[14]Ibid.

[15]Ibid.

[16]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[17]Val Dalton; comp. <afvdunn@ihc.com>, Val Dunn (downloaded from World Wide Web, 26 November 2009 <http:awt.ancestrylibrary.com/>), Ancestry.com, 360 West 4800 North, Provo, UT 84604.

[18]Ibid.

[19]Ibid.

[20]Ibid.

[21]Ibid.

[22]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[23]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[24]Mary Powell Seamen, comp. Bunker, Long Island Genealogies (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976), p. 288, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[25]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[26]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[27]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[28]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[29]Ibid.

[30]Ibid.

[31]Val Dalton; comp. <afvdunn@ihc.com>, Val Dunn (downloaded from World Wide Web, 26 November 2009 <http:awt.ancestrylibrary.com/>), Ancestry.com, 360 West 4800 North, Provo, UT 84604.

[32]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[33]Val Dalton; comp. <afvdunn@ihc.com>, Val Dunn (downloaded from World Wide Web, 26 November 2009 <http:awt.ancestrylibrary.com/>), Ancestry.com, 360 West 4800 North, Provo, UT 84604.

[34]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 7, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[35]Mary Powell Seamen, comp. Bunker, Long Island Genealogies (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976), p. 288, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[36]Ibid., p. 288.

[37]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[38]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[39]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[40]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[41]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 7, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[42]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Film #: 456310, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[43]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 7, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[44]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[45]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[46]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[47]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[48]Ibid.

[49]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[50]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Film #: 456310, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[51]comp. William S. Pelletreau, Early Long Island Wills of Suffolk County, 1691-1703 (New York: Francis P. Harper, 1897), p. 49, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[52]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Film #: 456310, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[53]Mary Powell Seamen, comp. Bunker, Long Island Genealogies (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976), p. 288, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[54]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[55]Edwin L.; comp. Soper, Thomas Scudder Family (The Scudder Association, 2004), Vol. 1b, p. 24.

[56]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[57]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[58]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Film #: 456310, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[59]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[60]Ibid., Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13.

[61]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[62]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[63]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Film #: 456310, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[64]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[65]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[66]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 13, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[67]Mary Powell Seamen, comp. Bunker, Long Island Genealogies (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976), p. 288, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[68]comp. David B. Scudder, Thomas Scudder (T) of Salem (Scudder Searches (Arlington, VA: The Scudder Association, 1989)), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 6, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[69]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[70]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[71]comp. David B. Scudder, Thomas Scudder (T) of Salem (Scudder Searches (Arlington, VA: The Scudder Association, 1989)), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 6, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[72]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[73]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[74]Ibid.

[75]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 7, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[76]Eli F. Cooley; comp., Genealogy of Early Settlers in Trenton and Ewing, "Old Hunterdon County," New Jersey (Trenton, N.J.: W.S. Sharp Printing Co., 1883; rpt.), p. 217, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.  The Reverend Doctor Eli F. Cooley of the First Presbyterian Church of Ewing, gathered genealogical information about the families of his congregation in preparation for a sermon in 1839.  After, he continued his research.  He collected his information from the examination of deeds and wills, surveys and family bibles, and from daily conversation with aged persons of his acquaintance.  After his death, his work was continued by his son, Prof. William S. Cooley, of Philadelphia.  He died 7 February 1882, and his and his father's papers came into the possession of Miss Hannah L. Cooley, of Ewing, Mercer county, New Jersey.  She prepared the notes for the publication of this book.The compiler believes that William died between January 1649/50, when he was granted 30 acres of Salem land, and September 1657, when he was identified as deceased in his father's will.

[77]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[78]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, pp. 7-9, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[79]Ibid., Vol. I, No. 2, p. 9.

[80]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[81]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 9, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[82]Ibid., Vol. I, No. 2, p. 8.

[83]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[84]Eli F. Cooley; comp., Genealogy of Early Settlers in Trenton and Ewing, "Old Hunterdon County," New Jersey (Trenton, N.J.: W.S. Sharp Printing Co., 1883; rpt.), p. 217, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.  The Reverend Doctor Eli F. Cooley of the First Presbyterian Church of Ewing, gathered genealogical information about the families of his congregation in preparation for a sermon in 1839.  After, he continued his research.  He collected his information from the examination of deeds and wills, surveys and family bibles, and from daily conversation with aged persons of his acquaintance.  After his death, his work was continued by his son, Prof. William S. Cooley, of Philadelphia.  He died 7 February 1882, and his and his father's papers came into the possession of Miss Hannah L. Cooley, of Ewing, Mercer county, New Jersey.  She prepared the notes for the publication of this book.

[85]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 8, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[86]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[87]Charles Moore, Town of Southhold (New York: n.pub., 1868), p. 36.

[88]comp. William S. Pelletreau, Early Long Island Wills of Suffolk County, 1691-1703 (New York: Francis P. Harper, 1897), pp. 46-49, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[89]comp. Henry Langdon Butler, The Story of Our Butler Ancestors (New York: n.pub., 1919), ancestry chart.

[90]comp. Herbert Furman Seversmith, Colonial Families of Long Island, New York and Connecticut, Being the Ancestry of Kindred of Herbert Furman Seversmith (rev. rpt. 1944; Washington: n.pub., 1959), vol. 4, p. 1893, National Genealogical Society, Washington, DC.

[91]National Cyclopedia of American Biography (New York: James T. White & Company, 1950), XXXVI, p. 174, Pentagon Research Library, Washington, DC.

[92]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[93]comp. Herbert Furman Seversmith, Colonial Families of Long Island, New York and Connecticut, Being the Ancestry of Kindred of Herbert Furman Seversmith (rev. rpt. 1944; Washington: n.pub., 1959), vol. 4, p. 1893, National Genealogical Society, Washington, DC.

[94]Ibid., vol. 4, p. 1893.

[95]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[96]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 7, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[97]Mary Powell Seamen, comp. Bunker, Long Island Genealogies (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976), p. 288, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[98]Ibid., p. 288.

[99]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[100]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[101]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[102]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[103]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[104]Ibid.

[105]Ibid.

[106]Ibid.

[107]Ibid.

[108]Ibid.

[109]Ibid.

[110]Ibid.

[111]Ibid.

[112]Ibid.

[113]Ibid.

[114]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[115]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[116]comp. <nbyrnes@sprint.ca> Norma Byrnes, Descendents of Hannah Scudder (GEDCOM file attached to email to Chris Scudder, 27 April 2001), Norma Byrnes, 6556 Leawood Court, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2G 7C4 Canada.

[117]Mary Powell Seamen, comp. Bunker, Long Island Genealogies (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976), p. 288, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[118]David B., comp. Scudder, Scudder Family in America: The Beginnings (Scudder Searches), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 7, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[119]Mary Powell Seamen, comp. Bunker, Long Island Genealogies (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976), p. 288, Library of Congress, Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, 101 Independence Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20540.

[120]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[121]Ibid.

[122]Ibid.

[123]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[124]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[125]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[126]Sir Leslie, and Lee, Sir Sidney, eds. Stephen, The Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: University Press, 1973 ed.), XVII, p. 1096, Pentagon Research Library, Washington, DC.

[127]comp. David B. Scudder, Thomas Scudder (T) of Salem (Scudder Searches (Arlington, VA: The Scudder Association, 1989)), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 6, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[128]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[129]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[130]comp. David B. Scudder, Thomas Scudder (T) of Salem (Scudder Searches (Arlington, VA: The Scudder Association, 1989)), Vol. I, No. 2, p. 6, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[131]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[132]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[133]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, no. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[134]Henry Sutliff, Eliz. and Mary Scudder of Norwich, CT (Scudder Family Genealogy Forum, 19 July 1998, <http://genforum.familytreemaker.com/scudder/messages/2.html).

[135]David B., comp. Scudder, John and Elizabeth Scudder of Strood, Kent, and Barnstable, Massachusetts (Scudder Searches), Vol. V, No. 1, page 4, Winter 1993, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[136]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, no. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[137]Ibid., Vol. IV, no. 2, p. 4.

[138]Ibid., Vol. IV, no. 2, p. 4.

[139]Ibid., Vol. IV, no. 2, p. 4.

[140]Ibid., Vol. IV, no. 2, p. 4.

[141]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[142]Ibid.

[143]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of February 15, 2003), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[144]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[145]Ibid.

[146]Ibid.

[147]Ibid.

[148]Ibid.

[149]comp. David B. Scudder, English Scudder Research: Taking Another Step Forward (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4, Fall 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[150]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4.

[151]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[152]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[153]David B., comp. Scudder, Margery 'Scudder,' Wife of Capt John Johnson of Roxbury, MA (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, no. 1, p. 4, Winter 1992.  William Scudder of Darenth left a will dated 1607, in which he left land if his daughter Parnell was deceased to "Henry Scudder, son of John Scudder, [his] natural brother deceased.".

[154]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[155]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[156]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[157]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[158]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[159]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[160]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150  USA.

[161]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[162]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[163]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[164]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R) (1993 02 28 Edition), Batch 8318031, sheet 21, Family History Library, 35 North West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150.

[165]David B., comp. Scudder, Margery 'Scudder,' Wife of Capt John Johnson of Roxbury, MA (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, no. 1, p. 12, Winter 1992.

[166]comp. David B. Scudder, English Scudder Research: Taking Another Step Forward (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4, Fall 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[167]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4.

[168]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4.

[169]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[170]Ibid., Vol. IV, no. IV, p. 4.

[171]Ibid., Vol. IV, no. IV, p. 5.

[172]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 5.

[173]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4.

[174]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4.

[175]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[176]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[177]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[178]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[179]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[180]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[181]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[182]comp. David B. Scudder, English Scudder Research: Taking Another Step Forward (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 5, Fall 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[183]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 5.

[184]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[185]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[186]comp. David B. Scudder, English Scudder Research: Taking Another Step Forward (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4, Fall 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[187]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[188]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[189]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[190]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4.

[191]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4.

[192]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. IV, p. 4.

[193]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[194]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[195]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[196]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[197]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[198]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[199]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 4.

[200]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[201]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[202]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[203]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[204]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[205]comp. David B. Scudder, English Scudder Research: Taking Another Step Forward (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 5, Fall 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[206]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 5.

[207]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[208]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[209]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[210]comp. David B. Scudder, English Scudder Research: Taking Another Step Forward (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 3, Fall 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[211]comp. Simon Skudder, Tentative Pedigree Chart of Thomas (T) of Salem and the Reverend Henry Scudder (Scudder Searches), Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4, Spring 1992, Christopher Scudder, 5404 Hickory Hills Lane, Harrison, Arkansas 72601.

[212]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[213]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[214]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[215]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[216]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[217]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[218]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.

[219]Ibid., Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 4.